![]() The MoCA-K scores were adjusted by adding 1 point in patients with 6 or fewer years of education (maximum of 30). The MoCA-K includes items on visuospatial/executive function (alternating Trail-Making, cube copy, and clock-drawing task), naming (lion, rhinoceros, and camel) and language (sentence repetition and verbal fluency) memory (immediate and delayed verbal recall of five words), attention (forward and backward digit span, target detection using tapping, and a serial subtraction task), abstraction, and orientation (time and place). The K-MMSE consists of items such as orientation (time and place), memory (immediate and delayed verbal recall of three words), attention and calculation (a serial subtraction task), naming (pencil, watch) and language (sentence repetition, following a written instruction, following a three-step command, and sentence writing), and drawing (two intersecting pentagons copy). Neuropsychological assessment The K-MMSE and MoCA-K are brief, multidomain cognitive screening tests with a score range of 0–30. 1705-111-855) and conformed to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was approved by the Seoul National University Hospital Institutional Review Board (IRB No. The patients who had received deep brain stimulation or were illiterate were excluded because these factors could influence the results. We included patients who undertook both the Korean MMSE (K-MMSE) and the Korean MoCA (MoCA-K) in the same session. MATERIALS & METHODS Participants We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with PD who visited Seoul National University Hospital from Jan 2014 to Dec 2016. Additionally, we further assessed whether they could be influenced by the level of education. Thus, the current study aimed to validate the two MMSE-MoCA conversion tables in Korean patients with PD. Furthermore, most of the published data for the MMSE or MoCA in patients with PD were obtained from highly educated subjects however, many Korean PD patients have a low level of education. This is essential for their use because the MMSE and MoCA can be affected by differences in culture and language. However, the MMSE-MoCA conversion tables have not been validated in Korean patients with PD. These will facilitate not only the continuity of cognitive tracking in clinical settings but also the comparison and integration of cognitive data from heterogeneous longitudinal studies. Recently, two MMSE-MoCA conversion tables, in which MoCA scores adjusted for education were transformed into the equivalent MMSE scores, have been established with reasonably good validity in patients with PD ( Table 1). Despite the remarkable development in imaging technologies and biomarkers, both cognitive screening tests still play an important role in detecting dementia in PD. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) are widely used to assess global cognitive function in patients with PD. Cognitive deficits in PD is associated with functional impairment and poor quality of life, and thus, it is important to recognize the symptoms for optimal management. It occurs in 20–57% of patients with PD within the first 3–5 years after diagnosis, and approximately 80% of those develop dementia in the advanced stage. Keywords: Parkinson disease Mini-Mental State Examination Montreal Cognitive Assessment conversionĬognitive dysfunction is one of the most common non-motor symptom in Parkinson’s disease (PD).These will greatly enhance the utility of the existing cognitive data from the Korean PD population in clinical and research settings. Our findings suggest that both MMSE-MoCA conversion tables are useful instruments for transforming MoCA scores into converted MMSE scores in Korean patients with PD, regardless of educational level. In the classification according to educational level, all groups had roughly similar values of the median, mean, RMSE, and ICC both within and between the conversions. The mean, median, and root mean squared error (RMSE) of the difference between the true and converted MMSE scores and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were calculated according to educational level (6 or fewer years, 7–12 years, or 13 or more years).īoth conversions had a median value of 0, with a small mean and RMSE of differences, and a high correlation between the true and converted MMSE scores. This study aimed to validate them in Korean patients with PD and to evaluate whether they could be influenced by educational level.Ī total of 391 patients with PD who undertook both the Korean MMSE and the Korean MoCA during the same session were retrospectively assessed. Two conversion tables between the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) have recently been established for Parkinson’s disease (PD). ![]()
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